Hello! I'm Elizabeth O'Brien, and my goal is to get you jazzed about grammar.

Happy Hallowe'en?
(Apostrophes + Halloween)

While searching through some vintage Halloween cards, I noticed that Halloween was often written Hallowe'en.

Since most people in the United States don't spell Halloween with an apostrophe any longer, these images made me wonder what kind of history the word has.

Apostrophes Have Three Functions

Apostrophes have three functions.

1. They form possessive nouns.

The black hat is part of Alice's costume.

The apostrophe in Alice's tells us that the costume belongs to her.

2. They show omission of letters or numbers.

Students shouldn't use cell phones in class.

We use apostrophes to form contractions. The apostrophe in shouldn't stands for the missing o. Shouldn't is a contraction for should not.

3. They form strange plurals.

Dot your i's and cross your t's.

What's With Hallowe'en?

The word Halloween is derived from the words Hallow Even.

Hallow means holy or saint, and even means eve, the night before something.

November 1st, the day after Halloween, is All Saints' Day.

Hallowe'en is a contraction for Hallow Even, the night before All Saint's Day. The apostrophe stands for the missing v.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, people have been writing this word without the apostrophe since 1773, but I've also read that it's not uncommon for people using British English to still use the apostrophe today.

Here are two charts showing the usage of Halloween and Hallowe'en in books. The first chart is with American English and the second is with British English.

"Halloween" vs. "Hallowe'en" in books from 1880—2018, American English

"Halloween" vs. "Hallowe'en" in books from 1880—2018, British English

Bonus Lesson

Since we're already talking about Halloween and apostrophes, let's go over that strange apostrophe in jack-o'-lantern.

This is another case of an apostrophe used for a contraction.

Jack-o'-lantern is a contraction for jack-of-the-lantern. It's similar to o'clock. O'clock is a contraction for of the clock.

Isn't language interesting?

You might also enjoy these lessons.

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What do apostrophes do?

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Should you use apostrophes with personal pronouns?

Elizabeth O'Brien from Grammar Revolution

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